Taking the hydraulic system of the master cylinder of a fine punching machine as the research object, the working principle of the hydraulic system of the fine punching machine was analyzed, the hydraulic system of the original master cylinder was improved, and the speed regulating module was added. The mathematical model of the accumulator was established, and the main parameters affecting the performance of the accumulator were theoretically found. The simulation model of the master cylinder hydraulic system of the fine punching machine was established by using AMESim software, and the influence of the main parameters of the accumulator on the punching frequency were analyzed.The HCD simulation model of the speed control valve module was established. The influence of the main parameters on the dynamic performance of the speed control valve was studied. The results show that the accumulator preinflation pressure, volume and interface size have a great influence on the punching frequency of the fine punching machine;when the initial opening amount of the pressure reducing valve is 5 mm and the orifice size is 2 mm, the dynamic performance of the pressure reducing valve is better.