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机床运动性能驱动的五轴加工刀具姿态光顺插值
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52375484;51975097);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFA0713702)


Smooth Interpolation of Tool Posture in Five-Axis Machining Based on Kinematics Performance of Machine Tools
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    摘要:

    针对现有五轴数控加工刀具姿态定位光顺性差、易引发刀具姿态剧烈变化等问题,提出一种机床运动性能驱动的刀具姿态光顺插值方法。在加工路径关键区域内指定无碰撞干涉的关键刀轴,并反解出关键刀轴所对应的机床旋转轴坐标;采用连续B样条曲线表示旋转轴的坐标变化,并推导其各阶运动学特性的线性表达式;建立以机床旋转轴运动的跃度(即加加速度)平方和最小为目标的优化目标函数,给出关键刀轴约束下的旋转轴最优坐标求解方法,实现沿加工路径的刀具姿态光顺插值。算例表明:所提方法能够在机床旋转轴各阶运动特性约束下,有效提升五轴数控加工的平稳性。

    Abstract:

    To address the issues of poor smoothness and abrupt changes in tool posture within five-axis CNC milling,a new interpolation method was proposed,which focused on optimizing the kinematics performance of the machine tool used.Firstly,within the specified critical area of the tool path,interference-free key tool axis directions were determined.The corresponding rotary axis coordinates for these key tool axes were then yielded.Next,the displacements of the rotary axes movements were represented using a continuous B-spline curve.Linear expressions for their kinematic characteristics were then derived,and an optimization objective function was established to minimize the sum of squares of the jerk in the motion of each rotary axis.By solving the optimization model under the constraints of the key tool axes,smooth interpolation of the tool′s posture along the tool path was achieved.Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better kinematics performance compared to the traditional method,effectively improving the stability of the machining process.

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刘其广,徐金亭,徐飞飞,金鑫.机床运动性能驱动的五轴加工刀具姿态光顺插值[J].机床与液压,2024,52(13):22-26.
LIU Qiguang, XU Jinting, XU Feifei, JIN Xin. Smooth Interpolation of Tool Posture in Five-Axis Machining Based on Kinematics Performance of Machine Tools[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2024,52(13):22-26

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-07-25
  • 出版日期: 2024-07-15
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