Taking the B-550E high-speed engraving machine as the research object,the finite element model of the whole machine was established in ANSYS Workbench software,and the static and dynamic characteristics were analyzed.The static characteristics of the machine under gravity and the combined action of gravity and milling force were analyzed,and the weak links of the static stiffness of the machine tool structure system were found.Through modal analysis,the first 6 natural frequency and main mode shape of the whole machine were obtained,and on this basis,the harmonic response analysis of the whole machine was carried out,and the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of the whole machine in all directions under the excitation of milling force were obtained.The results show that the first 2 order natural frequencies have a great influence on the dynamic performance of the machine tool.The maximum deformation and stress of the whole machine occur in the headstock,and the main vibration modes of the first 2 order natural frequencies are the main headstock components,so the key component affecting the dynamic performance of the machine tool is the headstock.