The governor plays a key role in the flight stability and engine safety of propeller aircraft.The design structure of hydraulic governor and its working principle were analyzed;AMESim models of governor,hydraulic system and actuator were established,and dynamic characteristics were simulated and analyzed;the single-factor influence analysis of governor dynamic characteristics was conducted,and the main design parameters included control valve mass,counterweight mass and spring stiffness,etc..Then the optimal design parameters were obtained through multi-factor influence analysis.The optimized governor model was verified by dynamic simulation.The results show that after the optimization of governor parameters,the oscillations amplitude of speed regulation and the oscillations number are significantly reduced,increasing the stability of the governor system,and its performance is greatly improved,which can better meet the requirements of engine and propeller speed regulation.